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: The most common short form, consisting of 21 items (7 per subscale). Scores on this version are typically doubled to allow for direct comparison with DASS-42 norms.

Research papers consistently highlight the following regarding the DASS scales: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) - PMC d a s s - 341

Outside of product coding, the acronym is world-renowned as a psychological tool. Developed by researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) , these scales measure negative emotional states. : The most common short form, consisting of