| Symptom | What is happening | | :--- | :--- | | after 2 minutes of copying a large video file. | Controller junction temp exceeds 80°C. | | Speed suddenly drops 90% (e.g., 100 MB/s → 10 MB/s). | Firmware thermal throttling activates. | | Windows "Code 43" or "USB Reset Failed" | Controller thermal shutdown causes a voltage sag, disconnecting the USB bus. | | Copy pauses for 10-20 seconds before resuming slowly. | NAND controller enters error recovery mode due to bit errors caused by heat. | | Drive disappears and reappears in File Explorer. | Thermal protection circuit tripped. |