The origins of Thanjavur Urumi Melam date back to the ancient Tamil kingdom of Thanjavur, which was a major cultural and artistic hub. During this period, music and dance played a significant role in the kingdom's cultural life, with various forms of folk music emerging in the region. Thanjavur Urumi Melam evolved as a distinct style, influenced by the traditional Tamil folk music, as well as the classical Carnatic music tradition.