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Veterinarians use behavioral cues to identify silent suffering and acute illnesses. The Front Lines of Animal Behavior - AAHA

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that avoid pinning animals down.

Consider the case of feather-plucking in parrots. A general vet might treat the skin lesions with topical antibiotics. A looks for: zooskool%2Ccom

While often labeled "spiteful" by owners, inappropriate elimination is a classic behavioral presentation of: zooskool%2Ccom

—the study of animal behavior in natural environments—and Applied Animal Behavior , which focuses on domesticated species. The Four Questions of Tinbergen zooskool%2Ccom